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Great Leap Forward, in Chinese history, the campaign undertaken by the Chinese communists between 1958 and early 1960 to organize its vast population, especially in large-scale rural communes, to meet China's industrial and agricultural problems.

Foreign crops including potatoes, corn, peanuts, and sweet potatoes were imported and planted as a result of more frequent interactions between China and other nations. The wider variety of cash crops were successfully accommodated into the intercropping and rotational farming regimes, raising food output even higher. Agrarian reform in China was the first step in its economic transformation. Between 1978 and 1983, agricultural reforms overcame recurrent food shortages suffered since the 1950s by effectively converting communal farming to household-based farming and producing record-breaking growth in grain and meat output. Beginning in 1958 and ending in 1961, Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Party implemented the Great Leap Forward, a five-year economic programme. The country's agriculture industry was to be modernised following communist economic principles.

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