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Listeria can cause spontaneous abortion or stillbirth because the bacteria can cross the placenta and infect the fetus.
The disease listeriosis, which is brought on by the Listeria monocytogenes bacteria found in contaminated food, is more likely to affect pregnant women. The fetus may be harmed by this organism if it crosses the placenta. Pregnant women are at higher risk for listeriosis because their cellular immunity is reduced, making them 17–20 times more likely to contract the disease after eating contaminated food. Listeriosis typically develops from the third trimester and presents as a mild illness with a low-grade fever, joint and muscle pain, and other symptoms. Early in pregnancy, during the first three months, listeriosis can lead to miscarriage. The mother is more vulnerable as the third-trimester approaches. It has a fetal or neonatal death rate of 40–50%. It causes intrauterine fetal mortality and septic abortions in the first or second trimester, and chorioamnionitis and early labor in the third trimester. The fetus or newborn may experience it asymptomatically in one-third of cases. Listeriosis can result in meningitis and blood infections in babies.
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