Question

A system has an k-layer protocol hierarchy. Applications generate messages of length m bytes. At each of the layers, an n-byte header is added. What fraction of the network bandwidth is filled with headers? The fraction f is equal the total number of bytes of all headers over the total number of bytes sent out by a sender. i. (10 points) Draw the full message with all headers ii. (10 points). Derive the fraction

Answer 1

With n-layers & h-bytes added per layer, total # of header bytes/message is hn, so wasted space is also hn.

Total message size is M+hn, then the fraction of bandwidth wasted on headers is (hn)/(M+hn).

What is bandwidth?

The maximum speed at which data can be transferred over a given path is known as bandwidth in computing. Data, network, and digital bandwidth are three different types of bandwidth.

Contrary to the definition of bandwidth used in the fields of signal processing, wireless communications, modem data transmission, digital communications, and electronics, which uses the term to refer to analogue signal bandwidth measured in hertz, meaning the frequency range between the lowest and highest attainable frequency while meeting a clearly defined signal power impairment level, the definition of bandwidth in this context refers to the range between the lowest and highest attainable frequency.

In addition to the signal bandwidth, channel noise also affects the actual bit rate that can be achieved.

Learn more about bandwidth

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