The method of virus transmission in which an insect vector must feed for many minutes to acquire and transmit the virus, and in which the insect vector retains the virus for a long period of time (life) is_____.

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continual transmission, In disease ecology, transmission to new hosts is a crucial process because it affects a pathogen's ability to survive over  virus the long run in a population of hosts.

The majority of plant viruses are spread by vectors, which can be mites, nematodes, fungus, insects, or worms. Although incredibly effective, this method of transmission is difficult and places many restrictions on viruses. A virus must enter a host through a portal of entry, reproduce or spread within the host, and then escape the host through a portal of exit in order for transmission to take place. Plant viruses depend on their vectors to get through the plant's cell wall and into the cytoplasm. The unique viral component is typically the viral capsid or membrane glycoproteins.

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