Option A is correct that is Phone survey done by the university of alumni to represent opinions of alumni.
Phone survey done by the university of alumni to represent opinions of alumni because the sample is not random and might have a bias due to the sample being selected from their own university.
There are mainly two sampling methods which are random sampling and non-random sampling. Random sampling is called as a sampling technique where the probability of selecting each sample is equal.
A randomly selected is a sample which is an unbiased representation of the total population. If, however, the sample selected is not representative of the population, it results in sampling error.
Non-random sampling is a sampling technique where the selection of the sample depends on factors other than chance. In other words, non-random sampling is biased in nature. The product will be selected according to the suitability, experience or judgment of the researcher.
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