According to the Fourteenth Amendment, which was established in 1868 and requires equal protection under the law and due process, all people who are born in the United States are considered citizens. The Fifteenth Amendment, which was passed in 1870, prohibits the exclusion of a citizen's right to vote on the grounds of race, colour, or previous servitude.
These restrictions were supported by Southerners as sincere attempts to bring back order in the region. Additionally, they claimed that these laws shielded blacks from the consequences of their own "laziness and illiteracy." Southerners refused to ratify the 14th Amendment because they believed it had been passed as retaliation for their launching the Civil War.
The three Reconstruction Amendments, which were added to the US Constitution, prohibited slavery, gave formerly enslaved persons the same rights as free people, and established the right for people of all races to cast ballots.
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