kinship includes:a.biological descent and marriage alliances, but also practices such as fostering and fictive kin.b.marriage only.c.biological connections onlyd.direct biological connections of marriage alliances only.e.marriage alliances and fictive kin only.

Respuesta :

(B). Marriage only. Fictive kinship is a term used by anthropologists and ethnographers to describe forms of kinship or social ties that are based on neither consanguine (blood ties) nor affinal ("by marriage") ties.

The term "fictive kinship" has previously been used to describe kinship ties that are fictional, in the sense of not-real, insofar as consanguine and affinal ties might be considered real or true kinship. Therefore, claiming the idea as a cross-culturally valid anthropological category relies on the supposition that the opposite category of "(true) kinship," which is based on consanguinity and affinity, is also cross-culturally valid. Until the middle to end of the 20th century, the phrase was often used, but anthropology successfully deconstructed and reworked many of the categories and notions surrounding the study of family and social relationships. This concept is known as chosen kin, fictive kin, or voluntary kin in family sociology.

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