Question

there was no very great change in the standard of life of the average man living in the civilised centres of the earth. ups and downs certainly. visitations of plague, famine, and war. golden intervals. but no progressive, violent change. some periods perhaps 50 per cent better than others - at the utmost 100 per cent better - in the four thousand years which ended (say) in a.d. 1700.

Answer 1

Prior to the Protestant Reformation, which began in the 1500s, there were three significant disasters:

It is the term used historically to describe a widespread famine in Northern Europe. Although the situation had been dire since 1314, the loss of crops brought on by unfavourable weather in the spring of 1315, was serious in the winter of 1315–1316, and continued until the summer of 1317. In England, the situation did not improve until 1320 or 1322.The winter of 1317–1318 was disastrous for the flocks, costing many heads of cattle. In 1318, a rinderpest outbreak broke out, and it persisted until 1320.The 1319 harvest was strong, but the 1320s and 1320s were even better than the previous decade due to unfavourable meteorological circumstances. Small-scale, localized famines were common in the Middle Ages.

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