It is true that less than 0.1% of the energy in a food chain generally makes it from the sun to quaternary consumers.
In the food chain, plants are able to store solar energy, and with the aid of it, they are able to manufacture their own food. And when people and animals eat food that was grown on plants, this energy is turned into both of those species. However, when they consume it, they can only extract approximately 10% of the energy, and the final consumers can only get around 1%. The majority of the sun's radiation that strikes the planet is typically returned to space by the atmosphere. The term "photosynthetically active radiation" refers to this effective radiation (PAR).
In total, we receive between 40 and 50 percent of the energy that is produced by photosynthesis, with just 2 to 10 percent of that energy being utilised by plants for photosynthesis. Since plants are the ecosystem's producers and all other organisms depend on them either directly or indirectly for survival, this percentage of PAR thereby supports the entire world. The food chain and food web are used to transfer energy. Being the producers, plants use sunlight to absorb energy during the ecosystem's energy-flow process.
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