Respuesta :
a restriction in genetic variability caused by a drastic reduction in population size is called a bottleneck effect.
When a population shrinks for at least one generation, there is a population bottleneck. Even if a population experiences a bottleneck for a short period of time, it can significantly reduce genetic variation because genetic drift reduces genetic variation more quickly in small populations. The bags of marbles shown below serve as an example of this, where a bottleneck is created in generation 2 by an exceptionally small draw. Reduced genetic diversity makes it more likely that the population won't be able to respond to new selection pressures, like as climate change or a change in the resources that are available, because the genetic diversity that selection would operate on may have already left the population.
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