In one of his experiments with pea plants, Mendel observed that when a pure tall pea plant is crossed with a pure dwarf pea plant, in the first generation F 1 only tall plants appear.(i)When the F 1 generation plants were self-fertilized, he observed that in the plants of second-generation F 2 both tall plants and dwarf plants were present. Why did it happen? Explain briefly. (ii)What happens to the traits of the dwarf plants in this case?

a) the tall trait can be conveyed in both homozygous and heterozygous conditions, whereas the dwarf trait is only expressed in homozygous conditions.

b)To acquire the next generation of offspring (F2 generation), Mendel self-pollinated the F1 plants He was surprised to notice that not all of the F2 generation plants were tall. One-fourth of the F2 plants were short, while the other three-fourths were tall.

The F1 generation has the genotype Tt, which is why all of the plants are tall because they all have the allele for tall height (dominant allele).

When there is a dominant allele, the recessive allele is not demonstrated when all of the plants are tall. However, when these plants are self-crossed, we get the following genotypes in the new generation: TT: Tt :tt in the ratio 1:2:1. As a result, 25% of the plants have both alleles as the recessive allele.

When the dominant allele is missing, the recessive allele is expressed, and the plant grows short. In the F1 generation, the recessive allele was repressed but demonstrated in the F2 generation.

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