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European horse technology, gunpowder weapons, and ironworking techniques were initially unmatched in the Americas, unlike in the European empires.
Because Europe interacted with and depended on other regions, the European empires in the Americas developed differently than the Russian, Chinese, Mughal, and Ottoman empires. Europe, Africa, and the Americas were all united by the Atlantic Ocean. The two "old worlds" "were united, increasingly establishing a single biological regime, a new universe of global dimensions," according to Strayer. This distinction is due to the fact that European empires, as opposed to those of their Russian, Chinese, Mughal, and Ottoman counterparts, were built in the Americas, or the New World, across the Atlantic Ocean. The Europeans benefited from this since they had access to fresh materials and concepts. This was made possible by the network of movement and trade that exists inside the Atlantic Ocean, known as the Columbian Exchange.
The growth of the European empires in the Americas, as well as those of the Russian, Chinese, Mughal, and Ottoman empires, differs from those of the other four because of the larger influence that Europe had on the indigenous populations that it assimilated into its expanding empires. The Europeans took a very small weapon with them when they arrived in the Americas. They spread illness. Just a handful of the old world illnesses that decimated native populations were smallpox, measles, and malaria.
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