The event in 1095 that united western Europe and the remaining Byzantine empire against the Islamic caliphate is the first Crusade.
In November 1095, at the Council of Clermont in southern France, the pope urged Western Christians to take up arms to help the Byzantines and regain the Holy Land from Muslim control. That was the beginning of the crusades.
The Crusades were a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims that began primarily to secure control of holy sites considered sacred by both groups. A total of eight major expeditions - varying in size, strength and success - took place between 1096 and 1291. Expensive, violent, and often ruthless conflicts improved status. European Christians, making them the main players in the fight for land in the Middle East.
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