Question

Now you transfer heat energy to the gas in the cylinder, but hold the piston so that it cannot move. Is work done on or by the gas? What happens to the internal energy of the gas? What happens to the temperature of the gas?

Answer 1

You now apply heat energy to the gas in the cylinder while immobilizing the piston.

When the gas is heated, it expands and pushes the piston upward, putting the piston through work. On the other hand, if the piston is pushed downward, the gas does negative work on the piston and the piston does positive work on the gas. The piston is unrestricted and the outside air pressure is constant. If energy is introduced into the system as heat, it can only enter the kinetic energy of the gas, which causes it to travel more quickly. The piston moves because the gas's more energetic particles exert a stronger force on it than the outside air.

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