The biggest factor contributing to this relatively low life expectancy for males is a high mortality rate among working-age males from preventable causes (e.g., alcohol poisoning, stress, smoking, traffic accidents, violent crimes).
Some nations were able to switch to general practise and health insurance with higher out-of-pocket costs after the fall of the USSR [5]. However, there were several locations where social circumstances and living standards declined along with unemployment and financial instability. The highest contributor to men's relatively short life expectancy is the high death rate from avoidable causes among men of working age (e.g., alcohol poisoning, stress, smoking, traffic accidents, violent crimes). The Soviet healthcare system improved health in the USSR by giving residents access to high-quality, free medical treatment.
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