This situation describes inferential statistics.
Inferential statistics use data from the experiment's sample of subjects to compare the treatment groups and draw conclusions about the subject population as a whole. There are many different types of inferential statistics, and each is appropriate for a specific study methodology and set of sample characteristics.
With the help of a smaller sample size and the hope that the findings would apply to the bigger group, inferential statistics aims to identify some characteristic or overarching pattern regarding a large group.
Hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, and regression analysis are the three most used inferential statistical methods.
The properties of a data set are summarized by descriptive statistics. You can test a hypothesis or determine whether your data can be applied to a larger population by using inferential statistics.
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