Each cell in humans generally includes 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46. Twenty-two of these pairs, known as autosomes, are identical in both men and females.
A homologous pair of chromosomes has the same genes in the same order, but there may be variation between them, resulting in distinct alleles.
The allele for wing size (A or an allele) is carried by the bigger chromosome, whereas the allele for eye color is carried by the smaller chromosome (R or r allele).
Haplotype. A haplotype is a group of DNA variations that are inherited together along a single chromosome. Because they are adjacent to each other on the chromosome, they tend to be inherited together, and recombination's between these variations are common.
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