Question

Say that we have three voters deciding among seven candidates, a, b, c, d, e, f, g. Their preference orderings are as follows.
1 2 3
(Best) c f g
a b b
e c c
g g d
b a e
d d f
(W orst) f e a
a. Find the top cycle.
b. For each candidate in the top cycle, write down an agenda (a sequence of majority rule
votes) that makes that candidate win (you can write the agenda as a tree).
c. Say that the voters use the Borda count system (each voter gives 6 points to their first
choice, 5 points to their second choice, and so on) to decide among the candidates. Which
candidate wins?
d. Is the Borda count winner also the Condorcet winner?
e. Which candidate does the worst in the Borda count?
f. Say that the person who does worst in the Borda count (your answer in part e. above) is
embarrassed about their poor performance, and tries to convince another candidate to drop
out so that they are no longer the worst person. If a candidate drops out, there would be
six candidates, and hence in the Borda count system, each voter gives 5 points to their first
choice, 4 to their second choice, and so forth. If a candidate drops out, is it possible for the
person who was originally the worst to no longer be the worst? If so, which candidate should
drop out? If not, please explain why not.

Answer 1

A. The top cycle in this case is a -> b -> c -> a.

B. The agenda that wins the candidate is:

First vote:

a vs b -> a wins

Second voice:

versus. c -> a wins

The agenda that Candidate B wins is:

First vote:

b vs c -> b wins

Second Voice:

b vs a -> b wins

The agenda that Candidate C wins is:

First vote:

c vs a -> c wins

Second Voice:

c vs b -> c wins

C. Using the Borda count system, the candidates' scores are as follows:

a:

18 points (6 points from voter 1, 4 points from voter 2, and 8 points from voter 3)

b:

18 points (4 points from voter 1, 6 points from voter 2, and 8 points from voter 3)

c:

18 points (6 points from voter 1, 8 points from voter 2, and 4 points from voter 3)

d:

12 points (8 points from voter 1, 4 points from voter 2, and 0 points from voter 3)

e:

12 points (4 points from voter 1, 8 points from voter 2, and 0 points from voter 3)

f:

12 points (8 points from voter 1, 0 points from voter 2, and 4 points from voter 3)

g:

6 points (4 points from voter 1, 0 points from voter 2, and 2 points from voter 3)

Therefore, candidates a, b, and c tie for first place with 18 points each.

D. No, the Borda count winner is not the Condorcet winner, because the Condorcet winner is the candidate who would win in a majority rule vote against every other candidate. In this case, candidate c is the Condorcet winner, because c beats a and b in majority rule votes.

E. The candidate with the worst score in the Borda count is  g of 6 points.

F. If a candidate fails, the original worst candidate may no longer be the worst. In this case, if candidate g fails, the remaining candidates will have the following results:

a:

15 points (Voters 1 to 5 points, Voters 2 to 4 points, Voters 3 to 6 points)

b:

15 points (Voters 1 to 4 points, Voters 2 to 5 points, Voters 3 to 6 points)

c:

15 points (Voters 1 to 5 points, Voters 2 to 6 points, Voters 3 to 4 points)

Day:

10 points (voters 1 to 6 points, voters 2 to 4 points, voters 3 to 0 points)

e:

10 points (voters 1 to 4 points, voters 2 to 6 points, voters 3 to 0 points)

f:

10 points (voters 1 to 6 points, voters 2 to 0 points, voters 3 to 4 points)

In this case, g's 6-point score is not included in the calculation, so candidate g is no longer last.

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