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Historical particularism is the theory, credited to Franz Boas, that civilizations develop in particular ways as a result of their distinctive histories.
Franz Boas popularized historical particularism as a counterargument to the global conceptions of socio-cultural development put out by both evolutionists and extreme diffusionists, which he thought were improbable. In order to overcome this, according to Boas, one must do in-depth regional studies of specific cultures in order to ascertain the distribution of cultural features and comprehend the many processes of cultural change at play. Boas' goal was to rewrite the histories of particular cultures. He emphasized the careful gathering and management of ethnographic material on all facets of numerous distinct human communities. Generalizations concerning the development of cultures can only be formed when knowledge on the specifics of many distinct cultures has been obtained.
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