Suppose the reserve requirement is 20 percent. If a bank has checkable deposits of $4 million and actual reserves of $1 million, it can safely lend out $200,000.
The much in excess reserves would this bank have after a check for $10,000 was drawn and cleared against it $6,000.
A bank must hold $1,000 in reserves if its checkable deposits are $5,000 under a 20% reserve requirement. Assume a bank doesn't have any extra reserves at first. The reserve requirement must be 10% if the bank determines that it may safely lend out $4,500 of the $5,000 in cash it receives from a depositor.
Commercial banks may boost the money supply by $5,000 if the reserve ratio is 20%. Checkable deposits worth $1,000 are produced if the Fed purchases a $1,000 bond from the general public.
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