The stock of money is determined by the federal reserve system and does not change when the interest rate changes therefore the supply of the money curve is verticle.
The Fed can influence the money supply by changing reserve requirements. Reserve requirements generally refer to the number of funds a bank must hold against deposits in a bank account. By lowering the reserve requirement ratio, banks can lend more money.
Increase the total amount of money in the economy. The Federal Reserve Board controls the money supply by increasing or decreasing the monetary base. The monetary base depends on the size of the Fed's balance sheet. Specifically, it is the currency in circulation plus the balance of deposits held by the custodians of the Federal Reserve.
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