The astronomical phenomenon in which photographs of nearby galaxies often show distorted/ stretched images of distant galaxies behind them is called gravitational lensing.
A gravitational lensing is seen when a cluster of galaxies creates a gravitational field causing distortion and magnification of the light from distant galaxies in the same line of sight behind it. The effect is much similar to looking through a giant magnifying glass.
Under this effect, a massive celestial body causes a sufficient curvature of spacetime for the path of light around it to be visibly bent like by a lens. The body causing the light to curve is acting as a gravitational lens. know more about gravitational lensing here
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