1) Name two conditions of the Treaty of Versailles.
For this question, we will focus specifically on Germany, as the treaty primarily targeted Germany, being the only major representative of the Central Power still intact.
- Germany was to pay war reparations for damages caused on Allied Powers during the Great War.
Even though Germany had worked towards deescalating the chances of war before the start of World War I, Germany was still primarily blamed for the Great War occurring, and was saddled with reparation payment of 132 billion marks. In printing large amounts of paper money, it primarily crashed Germany's economy. Coupled with what is later known as the Great Depression, it led to the rise of Nazism and Adolf Hitler.
- Germany was to give up control of the Rhineland to primarily France.
Germany was forced to demilitarize, disassemble all military fortifications, and vacate the Rhineland, which was a key industrial area of Germany, rich not only in natural resources particularly of ores and rich soil, but also housing the bulk of Germany's Industrial plants.
2) Were they too harsh on Germany?
Yes, they were particularly harsh, as Germany, as stated above, was not even the direct aggressor in World War I, and should not have been liable for all the major blame. Now, is this suggesting that Germany should not have provided some form of reparation? Of course, not, as historically speaking, the losers always have to meet the demands of the victors. However, the question is particularly addressing the Allies, and as the result of World War II's lessons point out, yes, the Allies imposed harsh regulations and "tribute" onto Germany, for something that they themselves had no influence in being able to control the cause.
3) How did these conditions lead to another world war?
As stated above, Germany's provisional government printing large amounts of paper money with nothing of value backing up the paper led to hyper-inflation, and soon the collapse of Germany's economy. The failure of the provisional government to keep Germany's economy afloat led to the rise of Nazism and Adolf Hitler, which promised a return of Germany's strength and the "glory days".
4) Why did countries like Russia and Germany feel resentment?
Russia was forced to surrender to Germany, particularly with the exchange of the head of government from the Imperial Czar to Socialist Bolsheviks. In return, they had to surrender ~1M sq.mi and 55M citizens to the creation of independent states that created a buffer between Germany and Russia.
Germany would feel resentment as they were saddled with the brunt of the war reparations even though they were not the main instigators of the war. This would lead to the eventuality of World War II.
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Learn more about the results of World War I, here:
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