A distinct hierarchy, specialization, a division of labor, and a set of formal rules, or standard operating procedures, are the four main characteristics of bureaucracies.
The term "bureaucracy," which literally translates to "administration with a small desk," was first used in France to describe the tiny desks that the king's employees used to conduct royal business. A bureaucracy nowadays is a huge administrative structure that manages a government's or society's daily operations. In America, there are three levels of government bureaucracy: federal, state, and local.
Four important characteristics of bureaucracies make the comparison to beehives even more striking.
In distinct hierarchy Bureaucracies have a clear line of authority. Each employee has a certain position in the hierarchy, and the work of each is supervised by an employee higher up. Power decreases as it moves down the hierarchy from the top.
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