When a nucleotide is added to a growing nucleic acid strand during DNA replication, the incoming monomer is a nucleoside triphosphate and the energy required to drive the polymerization is derived from cleaving a pyrophosphate.
One of the key molecules in DNA replication is the DNA polymerase enzyme. DNA polymerases are responsible for synthesizing DNA: they add nucleotides one at a time to the growing DNA chain, inserting only the nucleotides that complete the template.
Nucleotides are the monomers of nucleic acids, DNA and RNA. The nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, or uracil), a phosphate group (PO43−), and a 5-carbon sugar.
A nucleoside triphosphate is a molecule containing a nitrogenous base attached to a 5-carbon sugar, with three phosphate groups attached to the sugar.
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