Question

If the symbol X represents a central atom, Y represents outer atoms, and Z represents lone pairs on the central atom, the structure A central X atom has two lone pairs. Two Y atoms are attached to X with single bonds, could be abbreviated as XY2Z2.Classify these structures by the hybridization of the central atom.HYBRIDIZATIONS:1. sp2. sp23. sp34. sp3d5. sp3d2ABREVIATIONS:1) XY22) XY33) XY44) XY55) XY66) XY2Z37) XY2Z8) XY3Z29) XY4Z10) XY4Z211) XY3Z12) XY5Z13) XY2Z2

Answer 1

The following hybridization states are applicable for the various abbreviations displayed:

• sp  = XY₂
• sp²  = XY₂Z, XY₃
• sp3³ = XY₄, XY₂Z₂, XY₃Z
• sp³d  = XY₅, XY₂Z₃, XY₃Z₂, XY₄Z
• sp³d² = XY₆, XY₄Z₂, XY₅Z

The number of electron pairs surrounding the core atom in a molecule affects its hybridization state.

The idea of hybridization is an approximation that describes the bonding in some chemical species by mixing atomic orbitals of various energies to generate orbitals of suitable energies that can be employed in chemical combinations.

The number of electron pairs that surround the center atom determines its hybridization state in a molecule.

2 electron pairs result in sp hybridization.

Sp2 hybridization is caused by three electron pairs.

Sp3 hybridization is caused by 4 electron pairs.

Sp3d hybridization is caused by 5 electron pairs.

Sp3d2 hybridization is caused by 6 electron pairs.

Remember that the molecule's core atom is surrounded by both bond pairs (Y) and lone pairs (Z) of electrons.

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