When a mouse with two copies of the Clock mutation is placed in a lab where the lights come on each day at 7:00 AM and go off each day at 7:00 PM, the activity rhythm of this mouse will display in 24 hours.
Zip, a brand-new hamster mutant, has an 8-hour daily rhythm when there are no light cues. An adult hamster with the tau mutation (with its own SCN lesioned) would have an 8-hour period for its rhythm if the embryonic SCN from a healthy animal were transplanted into its brain.
In animals, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) serves as the main circadian pacemaker. In scattered cultures, individual SCN neurons can produce their own circadian rhythms of clock gene expression and neuronal firing. However, enough membrane depolarization, intracellular calcium, and cAMP concentrations are required for SCN rhythmicity.
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