We must first transform the documents into numerical features in order to work with text data.
We will employ sparse matrices for the remaining tasks in the assignment. A sparse matrix is one that only contains a few nonzero entries. To reduce space and speed up calculation, a useful data structure for sparse matrices would only keep the nonzero values. A sparse matrix library that is well efficient is included in SciPy. For SciPy sparse matrices, many matrix function that are accessible for NumPy arrays are also available.
Dictionary format is first converted to the SciPy sparse matrix format. You can skip the next block and treat the function as a black box if you'd like, but we provided plenty of comments for those who are interested.
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