Both the predominance of soil over water at the surface and the expansion of plants above this soil/water surface distinguish terrestrial ecosystems from aquatic ecosystems.
A population of land-based organisms and the interactions between biotic and abiotic components in a particular area make up a terrestrial ecosystem. Terrestrial ecosystems have a wide range of water availability (including water shortage in some circumstances), but in aquatic ecosystems, water is rarely a limiting factor for species. Terrestrial ecosystems often endure higher diurnal and seasonal temperature changes than aquatic ecosystems in similar regions because water cushions temperature swings. In order to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 15, which focuses on the conservation, restoration, and sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, terrestrial ecosystems are especially crucial.
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