Without this provision in the Constitution, every non-slaveholding state in the Union would have been allowed to liberate any escaped slaves who came inside its borders.
If this clause in the Constitution hadn't been included, every non-slaveholding state in the Union would have been free to declare all runaway slaves entering its borders free and to grant them complete immunity and protection against the claims of their masters; a course which would have sparked the most virulent resentments and led to the ongoing conflict between the various states. The southern states could not have given up the provision without putting their entire property in slaves at risk, making it of the utmost significance to their safety and security. Therefore, the phrase was included in the Constitution with the unanimous approval of its framers—a demonstration of both its inherent and actual necessity.
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