A frequent side effect of posttraumatic brain damage is headache. According to the International Headache Society, that appears seven days after a head injury or trauma and is attributable to that damage.
Chronic posttraumatic headache, which makes up 4% of all secondary headache disorders, typically lasts significantly longer than acute post-traumatic headache and goes away after three months. The clinical characteristics of post-traumatic headache following posttraumatic brain damage match many main headache types, with migraine-like or tension-type-like phenotypes being the most common. Although migraine and persistent post-traumatic headache may be clinically identical, neuroimaging studies comparing the two conditions identified distinct structural and functional brain alterations. Despite some phenotypic similarities, persistent posttraumatic headache following traumatic brain damage is thought to be a distinct entity from migraine, however the evidence is conflicting. Further research into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this secondary headache is needed to pinpoint new therapeutic targets and avert impairment.
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