Chlorophyll concentrations are highest along the edges of continents, such as the west coastlines of Africa, North and South America.
Alongshore breezes sweep away the surface water, allowing nutrient-rich deep water to rise along the steep continental edges in a process known as coastal upwelling.
Cold polar waters or regions where ocean currents carry cold water to the top, such as near the equator and along continent coasts, have the highest chlorophyll concentrations, where microscopic surface-dwelling ocean plants thrive.
Rising water, also known as upwelling, transports iron and other nutrients from the ocean floor. Cold coastal upwelling, followed by phytoplankton growth, is most visible along the west coastlines of North and South America, as well as southern Africa.
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