Question

one approach to determining the function of a protein is to inhibit protein function by mutating the gene coding for the protein and observing the resulting phenotype. cleves et al. sought to uncover the role of fibroblast growth factor 1a (fgf1a) in the coral acropora millepora by mutating the fgf1a gene via crispr technology (cleves et al., 2018 crispr/cas9-mediated genome editing in a reef-building coral pnas 115 (20) 5235-5240). the crispr process uses the cas9 endonuclease to cut dna at a site targeted by a guide rna (see image). what happens next to induce gene mutations?
Cas9 protein cleavage site ILUM double-stranded DNA in genome cleavage site target gene The CRISPR system cleaves the phosphodiester backbone at a site targeted by the guide RNA (in blue). Adapted from P. Mali et al., Nat. Methods 10:957-963, 2013. Choose one: O A. homologous recombination O B. telomerase upregulation O C. mismatch repair O D. nonhomologous end joining

Answer 1

Nonhomologous end joining  happens next to induce gene mutations.

When a gene's DNA sequence is altered and a new creature is created, this is referred to as a gene mutation. It permanently modifies the gene's DNA sequence in that way.

Genetic variation is essential for the evolution of humans, which is a process of growth over many generations. A random genetic mutation only affects one individual. The genetic mutation of that person is inherited (passed down the generations) by their kids. The mutation starts to be passed down through the generations and spread throughout the population if it enhances the probability that someone will live or won't become sick. The mutation turns from a gene variant into a normal gene and becomes an essential part of the human genome as it passes down from one generation to the next.

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