The two principal complete investment return calculations are Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR).
Both measures are rooted in Time Value of Money concepts, which essentially kingdom that money has time cost because it can earn interest when invested over time.
The most frequent is net earnings divided with the aid of the whole cost of the investment, or ROI = Net profits / Cost of funding x 100.
Total return is the true charge of return of an funding or a pool of investments over a period. Total return includes interest, capital gains, dividends, and realized distributions. Total return is expressed as a share of the amount invested.
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