Respuesta :
The imbalance, or dysbiosis, of the gut microbiome of babies has been linked to an increased risk of asthma and allergic diseases. Most studies To date, they have provided a wealth of data showing correlations
between disease risk factors in early life and changes in the structure of the gut microbiome that disrupt normal immunoregulation. These studies have generally focused on a specific risk factor, such as the mode of delivery or the use of antibiotics in the first years of life. Such "micro-level" exposures have a considerable impact on affected individuals, but not necessarily on the entire population. In this review, we place these mechanisms under a broader lens that takes into account the influence of upstream "macro-level" environmental factors, such as air pollution and the built environment. While these exposures are likely to have a minor impact on the microbiome at the individual level, their ubiquitous nature gives them great influence at the population level. We focus on the characteristics of the artificial indoor and outdoor environment, their microbiomes, and the research challenges inherent in integrating built environment microbiomes with the early-life gut microbiome. We argue that an exposome perspective that integrates internal and external microbiomes with macro-level environmental factors may provide a more comprehensive framework for defining how environmental exposures may shape the gut microbiome and influence allergic disease development.
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