(ii) a barrier prevents gene flow between two populations of the same species
(i) different mutations occur in the two isolated populations
(iv) selection or genetic drift leads to genetic differences among the two populations
(iii) pre-zygotic or post-zygotic isolating barriers evolve
A species is a collection of organisms made up of similar individuals capable of or exchanging genes with one another. The most fundamental taxonomic rank and unit of categorization in biology is the species. Depending on their context or location, mutational impacts may be advantageous, detrimental, or neutral. Most neutral mutations are harmful. Generally speaking, the effect of a mutation and its likelihood of being detrimental increase with the number of base pairs that are impacted by the mutations.
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