Jason can recoup his money from Ricardo thanks to the tort theory of law.
Tort law is a branch of private law. It mostly focuses on wrongdoing between private individuals. Contrary to the law of contracts, tort obligations are often not willingly assumed, and unlike criminal law, the state is not always a party to the a tort action.
A tort is a civil wrong wherein the law holds someone responsible when their activity or omission causes injury to another person. In the context of torts, "injury" refers to the breach of any legal right, whereas "damage" refers to a loss or other tangible disadvantage that a person encounters.
In the majority of personal injury cases, the accused had a responsibility to act in a way that didn't harm you. That obligation was broken by the accused. You suffered a wound. Your injury was directly caused by the breach of duty.
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