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Answer: The appropriate responses are: 1. Point mutation 2. Transition 3. missense mutation.t The seventh codon is where the mutation is happening in this case. The first scenario it is TGG that codes for Tryptophan. Then, it is mutated to TGA that codes for Stop codon ( in bacteria) which terminates the process of protein translation.
What is mutation?
Explanation: The nucleotide sequence of an organism's genome, that of a virus, extrachromosomal DNA, or other genetic components can change permanently, a process known as mutation.
Gene structural changes can be divided into two categories: small-scale changes and large-scale changes.
Gene mutations that impact only one or a few nucleotides in a tiny gene are known as small-scale mutations. Examples include:
Point mutations
When a mutation affects one or more nucleotides in the same gene, it is considered to be punctual.
Substitution mutations:
Missense mutations: A nucleotide is changed by another as a result of this point mutation. In some circumstances, this alteration results in a change in the amino acid encoded, which may or may not affect the function of the protein generated by the gene in the case of a gene encoding change or the affinity for a transcription factor in the case of a promoter region of the DNA.
Nonsense mutation: In this case, the changed DNA sequence prematurely instructs the cell to stop producing proteins rather than replacing one amino acid for another. A truncated protein produced by this kind of mutation may operate incorrectly or not at all.
Due to genetic code redundancy (the new triplet codes for the same amino acid as the original triplet), or because it affects a region of the DNA that does not code for a protein, such as an intron, silent mutations do not change the sequence of a protein.
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