The given examples are of : Natural Selection.
Natural selection is the variation in individual survival and procreation brought on by phenotypic variances. The development of a population's heritable features across generations is a crucial process of evolution.
Darwin also proposed natural selection as a process for evolution, in which heritable features that aid organisms in surviving and procreating grow more prevalent in a population over time.
Darwin views natural selection as a protracted, complicated process involving several interrelated factors. Variation among the organisms in a population is necessary for natural selection. It must be heritable and transmitted in some way to the descendants of the organisms for the process to function.
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