A neonate is most at risk for gestational anemia, hypertension, miscarriages, and fetal fatalities when a pregnant parent is severely undernourished in the latter stages of pregnancy.
Offspring of mothers with HFDs experience structural and functional neurological abnormalities that are associated with slowed brain development. In animal studies, these outcomes include elevated proliferation in the hypothalamus and reduced apoptosis and neuronal differentiation in the dentate gyrus.
Premature births with gestational ages below 37 weeks, low birth weights, and maternal and fetal malnutrition can all be caused by an inadequately nutrient-dense diet during pregnancy.
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