The spontaneous transfer of gases between the lungs' alveoli and capillaries, known as diffusion, occurs without the body exerting any energy or effort.
Capillaries, which are little blood arteries, surround the alveoli. Due to the thin walls of the capillaries and alveoli, oxygen can move from the alveoli to the blood. The larger blood vessels, known as veins, which the capillaries later join, transport the oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. The definition of diffusion is the transfer of individual molecules of a material from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration over a semipermeable barrier.
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