for the potential energy of a proton gradient to be converted to the chemical energy of atp, the movement of protons down their electrochemical gradient must be coupled with atp synthesis. this coupling is made possible by:

For the potential energy of a proton gradient to be converted to the chemical energy of ATP, the movement of protons down their electrochemical gradient must be coupled with ATP synthesis. this coupling is made possible by ATP synthase.

The electrons cannot be transported via the ETC if the proton gradient and the free energy of electron transport are in equilibrium. For the ETC to continue functioning, the energy trapped in the electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane must also be released in some manner. ATP is created using the energy in the proton electrochemical gradient. Chemiosmotic coupling is the term for the connection between the electrochemical gradient of H+ across the inner mitochondrial membrane and ATP production (because there is a concentration difference across the membrane and electric potential).

The complete question is:

The conversion of the potential energy of a proton gradient to a form more useful to the cell is achieved by coupling the movement of protons down their electrochemical gradient with the synthesis of ATP. This coupling is made possible by_________.

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