The market value of a stock should drop by the dividend amount on the dividend declaration date, with taxes and other factors held constant.
Until the gain is realized, the tax on capital gains is delayed. A low dividend tax will be preferred by the stockholders.
The issue with the constant dividend payout ratio is that the dividend's monetary value changes year over year. One possible justification for dividend payments is that they indirectly lead to a closer monitoring of management's investment activity, which reduces agency costs.
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