DNA fragments are divided into categories based on their mass and size using gel electrophoresis.
Because DNA is negatively charged, it will move in the direction of the positive electrode. Separation will therefore depend on how big the pieces are. The larger DNA molecules follow the smaller ones in terms of speed and distance travelled. After the fragments have been separated, the gel can be examined to determine the diameters of the bands present. The DNA bands glow when gel stained with and seen under UV light allowing the observer to study the fragments.
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