A proposal is to build a 1000-MW electric power plant with steam as the working fluid. The condensers are to be cooled with river water. The maximum steam temperature is 550 Celsius, and the pressure in the condensers will be 10 kPa. The river is 60 m wide and 8 m deep, and flows at a velocity of 10 m/min. Estimate the temperature rise of the river downstream from the power plant

The number and variety of animals and plants that inhabit a waterway are influenced by temperature. Seasonal variations in temperature occur naturally, and in streams, rivers, and lakes, the water is typically colder at the bottom (from groundwater input) and warmer at the surface (from higher air temperature). Short river segments that flow continuously experience annual temperature variations that can range from near freezing in the winter to over 40°C in the summer.

WNET = 106 kW,

TH = 550°C

in kelvin, 550+273

= 823.3 K

=0.6327* 10⁶/ 80000*4.184

=1.9 C

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