sp² and sp hybrid orbitals are used for bonding by the left and the middle carbon atoms respectively in the allene (H₂C=C=CH₂) molecule
What is hybridisation?
- During the hybridisation process, which mostly entails the merging of two orbitals, two "p" orbitals, or the mixing of a "s" orbital with a "p" orbital as well as a "s" orbital with a "d" orbital, the atomic orbitals with equivalent energies are mixed together.
- The new orbitals created as a result of this procedure are called hybrid orbitals.
- More critically, molecular geometry and the characteristics of atomic bonds can be explained by hybrid orbitals.
- For instance, the valence-shell s orbital of carbon joins with three valence-shell p orbitals to produce four single bonds.
- There are four equivalent sp³ combinations produced by this combination.
- These will be placed around the carbon, which is bound to four distinct atoms, in a tetrahedral arrangement.
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