The three different areas in the basilar membrane will respond the characteristic component of each sound frequency.
The frequency of the sound impinging on the ear is the same at every place along the basilar membrane that is set in motion, yet different frequency sounds induce a peak in the wave at various locations along the basilar membrane. As a result, low frequencies move almost the entire basilar membrane, while high frequencies only move a small portion of the membrane close to the stapes. The membrane's peak displacement, however, is close to the apex.
The frequency of the sound wave that travels through the fluid of the cochlea causes different parts of the basilar membrane to vibrate at different rates. These factors explain why the fluid-filled cochlea can distinguish between various wave frequencies (or pitches) at various membrane locations. The basilar membrane flexes back and forth in a wave-like pattern when the sound waves in the cochlear fluid come into contact with it. The tectorial membrane is located above the basilar membrane.
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