At the heart of our solar system, the Sun, a 4.5 billion year old yellow dwarf star, is a hot, glowing ball of hydrogen and helium.
Our solar system's only star is located about 93 million miles (150 million kilometers) from Earth.
Gravitational forces generate extremely high pressures and temperatures at the sun's core. In this stratum, the sun's temperature is around 27 million degrees Fahrenheit (15 million degrees Celsius). Helium is produced when hydrogen atoms are squeezed and fuse together. Nuclear fusion is the name given to this process.
The sun is mostly made of hydrogen atoms that are fusing into helium two at a time, releasing enormous amounts of energy in the process. However, the sun's minuscule concentration of heavier elements—what astronomers refer to as metals—determines its course.
Hydrogen and helium, two superheated gases, make up the majority of the Sun (74% and 24%, respectively), with trace amounts of other components. At the Sun's core, hydrogen atoms are changed into helium atoms, and each time this reaction takes place, energy is generated.
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