The two states were the most powerful in West Asia, and their rivalry was fueled by religious differences: the Ottomans were Sunnis, while the Safavids were devout Shia Muslims of the Qizilbash sect, and were considered heretics by the Ottomans.
The Ottomans were well-known for their achievements in the fields of art, science, and medicine. Istanbul and other major cities throughout the empire were recognized as artistic hotspots, particularly during Suleiman the Magnificent's reign.
Ottomans helped to develop hospitals and healthcare, and they witnessed advances in medicine, mining, and military technology.
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