During fertilisation, a zygote is created by the union of one gamete from each parent. Recombination and independent assortment take place during meiosis, giving each gamete a distinct DNA set.
Genetic variation is the variance in DNA sequences among members of a population. Germ cells, such as sperm and eggs, as well as somatic (all other) cells, are prone to variation.
Three separate processes—mutation, recombination, and gene immigration—are responsible for the genetic diversity. Evolution and genetic variety are propelled by mutation.
Gene variants, sometimes known as mutations, can cause genetic differences, or a normal process in which genetic information is rearranged as a cell prepares to divide can also cause genetic variations (known as genetic recombination). Different phenotypes can be introduced into an organism by genetic changes that change gene activity or protein function.
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